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Capaian Utama bidang Perekonomian dalam Tiga Tahun Pemerintahan

Ekonomi3,141 views

KESBANG.COM, JAKARTA – Menteri Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Darmin Nasution, dalam pemaparan mengenai kinerja 3 tahun pemerintah, menyebutkan mengenai capaian-capaian utama di bidang ekonomi.

Menurut Darmin, terdapat tiga pencapaian utama pemerintah, yaitu pembangunan sektor infrastruktur, pengendalian harga pangan, dan penerapan bantuan sosial.

Infrastruktur menjadi prestasi yang paling dibanggakan karena dampak dari sektor tersebut akan dirasakan oleh banyak masyarakat.

Mantan Gubernur Bank Indonesia itu mengatakan bahwa pembangunan infrastruktur bukan saja bisa mewujudkan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkualitas, melainkan juga menjadi pondasi untuk keluar dari perangkap pendapatan menengah (middle income trap).

Pembangunan infrastruktur tersebut, misalnya, menyangkut proyek strategis nasional (PSN), kawasan ekonomi khusus, kawasan strategis pariwisata nasional, dan kawasan industri.

Konsistensi pembangunan infrastruktur merupakan faktor penting agar mampu menciptakan pemerataan dan menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan.

Kegiatan pengembangan dan pembangunan infrastruktur dilakukan menyebar di seluruh Nusantara, yang tercermin dalam pemerataan ekonomi melalui pembangunan pusat-pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi baru dan peningkatan produktivitas melalui PSN.

Peraturan Presiden Nomor 58 Tahun 2017 tentang Perubahan atas Perpres 3/2016 tentang Percepatan Pelaksanaan Proyek Strategis Nasional mencatat 245 proyek strategis nasional plus dua program dengan estimasi total nilai investasi Rp4.197 triliun.

Dari proyek-proyek tersebut, tercatat 13 proyek senilai Rp444 triliun berada di Maluku dan Papua, 27 proyek (Rp155 triliun) di Sulawesi, dan 15 proyek (Rp11 triliun) di Bali dan Nusa Tenggara.

Proyek yang paling banyak berada di Jawa dengan total 93 proyek dengan estimasi nilai Rp1.065 triliun, disusul pembangunan di Sumatera dengan 66 proyek (Rp884 triliun).

Menurut data Komite Percepatan Penyediaan Infrastruktur Prioritas (KPPIP), pencapaian PSN pada Kuartal II 2017, antara lain, Pelabuhan Patimban, Pelabuhan Hub Internasional Kuala Tanjung, kereta ringan (light rail transit/LRT) Jabodebek, bandara internasional Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Kilang Minyak Bontang, dan Tol Serang-Panimbang.

Darmin juga menjelaskan capaian berikutnya mengenai pemerintah yang pada saat ini dinilai lebih mampu mengendalikan harga pangan sekaligus menjaga pasokan pangan, terutama beras.

Pengendalian harga pangan tercermin dari laju inflasi Indonesia yang bergerak ke arah di bawah 4 persen. Inflasi pangan dari tahun ke tahun juga lebih terkendali sejalan dengan perkembangan jumlah tim pengendalian inflasi daerah (TPID).

Pada tahun 2017, juga dinilai sebagai tahun yang baik untuk pangan mengingat kondisi hujan sepanjang tahun yang tidak terlalu sedikit. Namun, juga tidak terlalu banyak. Kondisi itu berpengaruh pada komoditas pangan, terutama padi.

Hal tersebut memungkinkan pemerintah untuk tidak mengimpor beras pada tahun ini, kecuali untuk beras-beras khusus, seperti beras bagi penderita diabetes.

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mencatat pada September 2017 Indonesia mengalami inflasi sebesar 0,13 persen sehingga inflasi pada tahun kalender 2017 menjadi sebesar 2,66 persen.

Pencapaian penting pemerintah berikutnya menyangkut tentang bantuan sosial yang makin terarah dan mulai memanfaatkan kartu dalam pemberian bantuannya.

Pemerintah juga mentrasformasi skema subsidi secara bertahap menjadi bantuan tepat sasaran, tepat waktu, dan tepat jumlah, serta menyatukan dengan semua bentuk bantuan sosial.

Berdasarkan capaian-capaian utama tersebut, Darmin meyakini pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia sepanjang 2017 dapat mendekati 5,4 persen.

Fokus Evaluasi

Direktur Eksekutif Institute for Development of Economics and Finance (Indef) Enny Sri Hartati mengatakan bahwa faktor yang menjadi fokus evaluasi pemerintah adalah tingkat pertumbuhan yang masih belum sesuai dengan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) 2015 sampai dengan 2019.

Dalam RPJMN 2015 s.d. 2019, salah satu target pembangunan yang ditetapkan adalah pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat tumbuh 6 persen hingga 8 persen.

Namun, pada kenyataannya pertumbuhan ekonomi berada di kisaran 5 persen. Pertumbuhan ekonomi sepanjang 2015 tercatat 4,88 persen, pada tahun 2016 5,02 persen, dan Semester I 2017 sebesar 5,01 persen.

Enny juga mempertanyakan sejauh mana pembangunan infrastruktur oleh Pemerintah mampu meningkatan produktivitas dan daya saing.

Produktivitas tersebut berarti infrastruktur dapat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan produksi serta mempunyai nilai tambah bagi manufaktur dan logistik.

Seandainya pembangunan infrastruktur oleh Pemerintah dapat diarahkan sesuai dengan hal tersebut, kata Enny, nantinya mampu menimbulkan kepercayaan dari dunia usaha.

Indef juga menyoroti tentang keperluan pengendalian inflasi yang bertujuan agar daya beli masyarakat tidak terganggu.

Enny menilai inflasi Indonesia saat ini dalam tataran sangat terkendali. Indikasinya, yaitu dalam 3 tahun berturut-turut berada di bawah 4 persen.

Ia menjelaskan bahwa persoalannya adalah stabilitas harga tersebut merupakan stabilitas dalam level yang tinggi. Misalnya, harga beras yang dinilainya hampir dua kali lipat dari harga internasional serta harga gula dan kedelai yang juga melebihi harga internasional.

Tingginya harga-harga tersebut menyebabkan pula besarnya porsi pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar konsumsi masyarakat. Enny menyebutkan sekitar 80 persen pengeluaran masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar, seperti pangan, listrik, dan transportasi.

Dari situlah akar penurunan daya beli. Porsi pengeluaran masyarakat untuk kebutuhan selain “basic needs” hanya tersisa sekitar 20 persen dari total pengeluaran.

Enny menyarankan pemerintah untuk fokus pada program produktif, terutama di sektor riil yang menggerakkan ekonomi. Hal itu dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian insentif dan fasilitasi oleh Pemerintah. (Ant)

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