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Guru Besar UT: Pola Feodal Membentuk Mentalitas Kepala Desa Sebagai Penjilat Penguasa

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JAKARTA — Pada gelaran Silahturahmi Nasional Desa (Silatnas) Asosiasi Pemerintah Desa Seluruh Indonesia (APDESI) pada 29 Maret yang lalu, bergulir deklarasi terkait perpanjangan jabatan presiden tiga periode yang terlontar dari para kepala desa. APDESI dengan ketua umum Surtawijaya tersebut menuai berbagai respons luas, tak terkecuali Masyarakat Ilmu Pemerintahan Indonesia (MIPI).

Menanggapi polemik tersebut secara lebih kritis, MIPI menggelar webinar bertajuk “Politisasi Desa dalam Perspektif Etika Pemerintahan”, Sabtu (9/4/2022). Webinar ini menghadirkan dua narasumber, Guru Besar Universitas Terbuka Hanif Nurcholis dan Guru Besar UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Azyumardi Azra.

Sekretaris Jenderal (Sekjen) MIPI Baharudin Thahir dalam sambutan pembukaan menuturkan kejadian yang merujuk pada APDESI, di mana perkumpulan yang terdiri dari kepala desa dan perangkat desa memberikan dukungan perpanjangan masa jabatan presiden. Meski terdapat sangkalan dukungan tersebut tidak dalam konteks acara tapi di luar acara.

Menurut Bahar, diskusi terkait kejadian itu kemudian menjadi panjang. Alasannya, kepala desa yang menjadi instrumen pemerintahan, memiliki otonomi, dan bagian dari kekuasaan, di saat yang sama memberi kesan ikut campur dalam politik praktis.

“Menariknya adalah ada yang mengatakan ini tidak salah gitu. Ini benar saja dilakukan karena tidak diatur dalam hukum. Tidak ada satu pun aturan yang melarang mereka ikut dalam kegiatan seperti itu,” katanya.

Dia melanjutkan, fenomena yang menjadikan kepala desa sebagai alat atau bagian dari politik tak sekadar pada acara kepala desa (APDESI) tersebut. Dia mengkritisi bahkan ketika ada Pilkada Gubernur maupun Pilkada Bupati, kepala desa juga dipergunakan untuk tujuan politik. Menurutnya, dalam segi etika ada pemanfaatan ruang-ruang kosong oleh politik praktis di tingkat desa dan itu tidak diatur dalam regulasi.

“Apakah ini juga bagian dari kultur politik kita? Bahwa kita bagian ini adalah apa, patron-klien itu. Apa yang dikatakan patron, itu yang diikuti klien. Nah ketika bypass dari pusat ke desa tentang sehubungan seperti itu walaupun dalam konteks organisasi, apakah itu dibenarkan?” tanya Bahar mengelaborasi lebih lanjut.

Guru Besar Universitas Terbuka Hanif Nurcholis menyampaikan, awalnya desa hanya sebuah komunitas kecil. Status lurah/kepala desa lebih merujuk pada kaki tangan penguasa pusat. Hal ini sebagaimana tertulis dalam teori administrasi negara primitif yang memiliki ciri di antaranya, negara sebagai personifikasi dewa, loyalitas bawahan kepada atasan melalui suap, serta tujuan negara yaitu keagungan raja dan keluarganya dengan upacara dan simbol kebesaran

“Pemerintah itu penguasanya, kepala desa itu kaki tangan penguasa ditambah dengan kepala badan hukum komunitas, dan rakyat desa sebagai wong kecil. Wong cilik yang dieksploitasi, yang diperas,” ujarnya.

Jelas Hanif, struktur mental kepala desa secara natural merupakan model relasi kuasa antara penguasa, kepala desa, dan rakyat desa. Pola feodal ini sudah tertanam ratusan tahun membentuk mentalitas kepala desa sebagai penghamba dan penjilat penguasa, bukan sebagai pelayan dan pembela kepentingan rakyat desa. Menurutnya, APDESI yang diketuai oleh Surtawijaya berpegang pada etika administrasi negara primitif warisan negara Mataram dan Hindia Belanda, bukan administrasi negara modern yang lebih berkembang.

 

“Para kepala desa yang dengan gembira dan bangga mau dimobilisasi penguasa untuk mendukung Jokowi tiga periode, yang berarti melawan norma konstitusi adalah para kepala desa kelompok ini di bawah APDESI Surtawijaya,” tegasnya.

Sementara itu, Guru Besar UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Azyumardi Azra menjelaskan dengan lugas deklarasi kepala desa untuk Jokowi tiga periode merupakan bentuk politisasi. Hal ini pun sudah diulas dalam penelitian dan investigasi di berbagai media, khususnya Kompas, Majalah Tempo, dan Koran Tempo.

“Saya ingin mengatakan ini jelas politisasi. Politisasi dalam upaya untuk perpanjangan masa jabatan presiden Jokowi,” ujarnya.

Azyumardi menjabarkan, deklarasi tersebut pertama telah melanggar Undang-Undang mengenai desa. Kedua, melanggar etika politik karena mencuri start kampanye. Dia menegaskan, apa yang dilakukan oleh kepala desa dalam Silatnas APDES tersebut menjadi bagian dari kampanye atau kegiatan politik, bukan sebagai aspirasi.

“Jelas itu bagian dari rekayasa politik. Dan menurut saya ini akan terus terjadi, walaupun presiden bilang supaya menteri-menteri berhentilah membicarakan itu, ya kan. Membicarakan soal perpanjangan masa jabatan, ya kan, atau menunda Pemilu itu dihentikan pembicaraan. Tapi Presiden Jokowi kan nggak bilang suruh menghentikan manuver,” tandasnya.

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  58. Клиническими исследованиями доказана эффективность действия сыворотки по пяти направлениям. С их помощью сыворотка ухаживает за ресницами, не склеивая и не утяжеляя их. Состав продукта протестирован медиками и доказал свою безопасность для чувствительной зоны около глаз. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. ‘ + packTitle + ‘ Средство выпускается в пластиковой прозрачной тубе с лаконичным оформлением. В комплект входит кисточка-аппликатор, которая имеет тонкие и длинные ворсинки. Продукт дополнительно запечатан в картонную фиолетовую коробку. Этой сывороткой восстанавливала свои ресницы после снятия наращенных. Первоначальная цель была укрепить ресницы, но потом оказалось, что сыворотка не только укрепляет, но и делает их гуще и длиннее. Из минусов: мне бы хотелось, чтобы флакон был прозрачный, чтобы было видно, сколько средства еще осталось, в остальном все замечательно!
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  59. Thanks for your concepts. One thing we’ve noticed is the fact that banks in addition to financial institutions are aware of the spending practices of consumers plus understand that most of the people max out and about their credit cards around the holidays. They smartly take advantage of this specific fact and begin flooding your inbox and also snail-mail box together with hundreds of 0 APR credit card offers right after the holiday season finishes. Knowing that if you are like 98 in the American community, you’ll soar at the possible opportunity to consolidate personal credit card debt and transfer balances to 0 rate credit cards.

  60. I have noticed that online degree is getting common because attaining your college degree online has developed into a popular choice for many people. A lot of people have not necessarily had an opportunity to attend a traditional college or university although seek the improved earning potential and a better job that a Bachelors Degree provides. Still people might have a diploma in one training but would choose to pursue something they now have an interest in.

  61. One other issue issue is that video games usually are serious naturally with the key focus on mastering rather than enjoyment. Although, there is an entertainment part to keep your children engaged, each one game is normally designed to develop a specific expertise or programs, such as math concepts or science. Thanks for your publication.

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  63. An added important aspect is that if you are an elderly person, travel insurance with regard to pensioners is something you need to really take into account. The old you are, greater at risk you are for making something poor happen to you while in another country. If you are definitely not covered by quite a few comprehensive insurance, you could have a few serious troubles. Thanks for sharing your good tips on this weblog.

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  68. A few things i have observed in terms of computer memory is that often there are technical specs such as SDRAM, DDR or anything else, that must match up the features of the motherboard. If the pc’s motherboard is rather current while there are no os issues, updating the memory space literally normally takes under one hour. It’s on the list of easiest personal computer upgrade procedures one can visualize. Thanks for spreading your ideas.

  69. Thanks for your article. One other thing is that if you are selling your property by yourself, one of the issues you need to be aware of upfront is when to deal with home inspection accounts. As a FSBO supplier, the key about successfully switching your property as well as saving money with real estate agent commission rates is understanding. The more you realize, the simpler your property sales effort will probably be. One area where by this is particularly important is reports.

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  73. I have witnessed that fees for internet degree specialists tend to be a terrific value. Like a full Bachelors Degree in Communication in the University of Phoenix Online consists of 60 credits at $515/credit or $30,900. Also American Intercontinental University Online offers a Bachelors of Business Administration with a overall education course requirement of 180 units and a worth of $30,560. Online degree learning has made obtaining your diploma been so detailed more than before because you can easily earn your own degree through the comfort of your house and when you finish from work. Thanks for all your other tips I’ve learned through your web-site.

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  82. One important issue is that while you are searching for a education loan you may find that you’ll want a cosigner. There are many scenarios where this is true because you may find that you do not have a past history of credit so the loan company will require that you’ve someone cosign the loan for you. Interesting post.

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  104. One more thing I would like to express is that instead of trying to fit all your online degree tutorials on days of the week that you finish work (since most people are fatigued when they get home), try to receive most of your lessons on the saturdays and sundays and only a few courses in weekdays, even if it means taking some time off your weekend. This pays off because on the week-ends, you will be more rested as well as concentrated upon school work. Many thanks for the different ideas I have discovered from your weblog.

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  112. I additionally believe that mesothelioma is a exceptional form of cancer that is generally found in individuals previously familiar with asbestos. Cancerous cells form in the mesothelium, which is a safety lining which covers almost all of the body’s bodily organs. These cells generally form from the lining with the lungs, abdominal area, or the sac that encircles one’s heart. Thanks for discussing your ideas.

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  114. One more issue is really that video gaming has become one of the all-time main forms of entertainment for people of all ages. Kids participate in video games, and also adults do, too. The XBox 360 is amongst the favorite gaming systems for individuals that love to have a huge variety of activities available to them, in addition to who like to play live with people all over the world. Many thanks for sharing your ideas.

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  124. One other thing to point out is that an online business administration study course is designed for individuals to be able to effortlessly proceed to bachelor degree courses. The 90 credit education meets the other bachelor college degree requirements so when you earn your own associate of arts in BA online, you should have access to the modern technologies on this field. Several reasons why students want to be able to get their associate degree in business is because they are interested in this area and want to obtain the general education necessary ahead of jumping in a bachelor education program. Thanks alot : ) for the tips you provide as part of your blog.

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