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Pembatasan Kekuasaan

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JAKARTA — Kekuasaan itu berat dipikul sendiri. Banyak godaannya.

Apa lagi manusia bisa khilaf, tidak terkecuali orang baik dan lurus sekalipun. Karena itu, kekuasaan perlu dibatasi. Tidak boleh ada kekuasaan mutlak. Dilarang ada monopoli kekuasaan.

Maka, dalam sistem demokrasi dibuatlah cabang-cabang kekuasaan. Ada eksekutif, legislatif dan yudikatif. Ada pers sebagai pilar keempat demokrasi. Ada pemerintahan pusat, ada pula pemerintahan daerah.

Maksudnya agar kekuasaan itu terdistribusi secara horizontal maupun vertikal, tidak dipegang oleh “satu tangan”.

Ada checks and balances” alias kontrol terhadap kekuasaan yang rawan menyimpang.

Para kepala pemerintahan dibatasi kekuasaannya.

Mulai dari masa jabatan hingga periodesasinya.

Bikin anggaran harus dengan persetujuan dewan.

Mau nyatakan perang mesti dengan approval DPR.

Angkat panglima TNI wajib dites uji kelayakan oleh wakil rakyat.

Dan banyak lagi.

Namun, pemerintahan itu berkembang sangat dinamis. Banyak hal-hal krusial yang sebetulnya tidak memadai bila hanya mengandalkan suara wakil rakyat yang kita pilih, yang nota bene adalah wakil partai politik.

Pekat dengan 1001 kepentingan.

Misalnya, memindahkan ibu kota negara (IKN), memutuskan suatu daerah bisa memisahkan diri dari NKRI, atau mengangkat penjabat (caretaker) gubernur/bupati/walikota dari ASN dalam waktu yang lama.

Karena itu, sebaiknya kedepan keputusan-keputusan serupa itu ditanya dulu kepada rakyat secara langsung melalui pemungutan suara (referendum) sebelum dibuat undang-undangnya.

KPU bisa menjadi penyelenggara. Pengaturannya hendaknya dicantumkan di dalam konstitusi atau sekurang-kurangnya UU Kepresidenan yang hingga saat ini belum kita miliki. (Lp)

Oleh: Djohermansyah Djohan

(Guru Besar Ilmu Pemerintahan IPDN, pendiri i-Otda)

(Sumber Berita : m.otonominews.co.id) 

Jangan Lewatkan

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