Homepage / Kolom Pemikiran Futurist: Munculnya Negara Kawasan sebagai Dampak Negatif dari: Investasi, Industri, Informasi dan Individu

Pemikiran Futurist: Munculnya Negara Kawasan sebagai Dampak Negatif dari: Investasi, Industri, Informasi dan Individu

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Ketua Lembaga Kajian Nilai Menjadi Orang Indonesia, Bangun Sitohang

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Masyarakat Modern menurut pemikiran sosiolog Anthony Giddens berkembang dari tiga tahapan perkembangan yang berbeda; Pertama negara bangsa, Kedua kapitalisme, dan Ketiga industrialism.

Giddens melihat permasalahan negara bangsa dianggap sebagai bentuk fenomena sejarah. Di mata seorang Futurist (pemikir masa depan), Kenichi  Ohmae  melihat masa depan negara bangsa ini akan tetap ada atau  hancur dalam kancah dunia global. Hidup matinya negara bangsa ini dipengaruhi oleh  4 (empat) “I“yaitu:  investasi – Industri –informasi- individu, Keempat faktor ini selalu masuk melintasi batas negara serta cenderung tidak terbendung di era globalisasi di abad ke-21.

Investasi masuk tidak lagi dibatasi oleh letak geografis, di negara manapun kita dapat berinvestasi, seperti AS dan Jepang dan China dan lainnya telah menginvestasikan modalnya di Indonesia,  dampak negatifnya bisa terjadi juga bahwa dengan dalih isu demokratisasi dan peningkatan pembangunan mereka dengan mudah mempengaruhi masyarakat local yang dekat dengan daerah investasinya, yang notabene kondisi sosial ekonominya  masih tertinggal, sementara kawasan investasi membuat kawasan pemukiman karyawan secara ekslusif. Situasi kontradiktif ini adakalanya kita melihat terjadi konflik horizontal di masyarakat karena adanya kesenjangan yang terjadi di sekitar kawasan yang menjadi lokasi investasi dibangun. Situasi ini adakalanya dijadikan isu sosial di masyarakat dan bahkan menjadi bahan propaganda  untuk menyulut disintegrasi sosial  yang pada akhirnya menyulut konflik sosial (untuk ini silahkan kita berasosiasi berpikir dengan beberapa daerah yang kena dampak negatif investasi asing).

Industri memang memberikan manfaat besar bagi pemasukan suatu negara, yang berwujud dalam bentuk perusahaan patungan atau bagi hasil. Sehingga banyak negara yang berlomba-lomba meminta negara asing untuk berinvestasi dengan mendirikan perusahaan di negaranya. Oleh karenanya kita dapat menyaksikan lahirnya perusahaan raksasa asing  yang juga bekerjasa sama dengan perusahaan  dalam negeri. Namun dalam perjalanannya banyak perusahaan yang cenderung menjadikan penduduk lokal sebagai tenaga kerja kasar  sementara teaga ahlinya langsung dibawa dari negara pemilik modal asing. Kondisi ini cenderung profit oriented lebih dikedepankan dalam pengembangan industrinya. Kita menyaksikan sistem kontrak dalam ketenagakerjaan, yang kadarnya lebih memeras tenaga manusia di saat dia mampu, sehingga begitu habis kontrak, maka putuslah hubungan kerjanya dan kondisi ini membuat manusianya terkesan seperti sapi perahaan saja, padahal dalam hubungan industialis yang berdasarkan nilai pancasila adalah huhungan kerja yang berkeadilan sosial dan beradab. Intinya  banyak industri yang menjadikan manusia sebagai robot di era ekonomi global saat ini.

Informasi dengan berbagai kehandalan teknologi informasi yang berkembang pesat di era digitalisasi telah memudahkan  masuknya  suatu Investasi dan industri antar negara hanya dengan membangun sistem jaringan kerjasama  (networking) ke seluruh negara, akibatnya terciptalah apa yang sering kita lihat adanya propaganda politik ekonomi, dalam masyarakat tradisional seperti Indonesia  terjadi apa yang kita kenal dengan distorsi informasi, karena kita tidak siap dengan bahasa Inggris yang menjadi symbol bahasa global, intinya hampir semua perkembangan lebih cepat dikuasai oleh negara yang bahasa keduanya bahasa Inggris karena informasi yang masuk mudah terserap dan dipahami.

Individu  pada saat ini cenderung berorientasi global dan sangat berpengaruh terhadap Investasi, industri dan penggunaan teknologi informasi, sehingga apapun keinginan mereka dengan tehnologi informasi yang berkembang pesat, individu telah mampu membuat pasar global, artinya saat ini banyak kemajuan individu yang jika tidak terkontrol dapat membawa dampak negatif dalam perubahan sosial masyarakat di kawasan berdirinya industri.. Kita lihat munculnya Media On line yang dikelola oleh individu yang kita sulit mendeteksinya maksud dan tujuannya dengan informasi yang disebarkannya yang semuanya bisa bergerak secara cepat ke dalam pengguna alat komunikasi (seperti HP dengan aplikasi yang super canggih). Pada kasus lain terkadang masuknya tenaga kerja asing  dalam investasi secara ilegal yang jika tidak terkontrol dengan baik dapat membawa pengaruh budaya baru bagi masyarakat sekitar  melalui pola komunikasi sosial yang lebih tertutup atau ekslusif (kawasn Industri).

Keempat “I“ tersebut cenderung dengan sendirinya membentuk pasar– sementara negara bangsa terkesan tidak lagi berdaya memainkan peran sebagai pembuat pasar (market making role), hal ini bisa terjadi jika tidak dikelola dengan kekuatan kearifan lokal dan jatidiri satu bangsa. Pembiaran atas pembentukan pasar yang tercipta sebagai akibat dampak negatif 4 “I” ini  sangat dikawatirkan dalam jangka panjang dapat juga membentuk Negara Kawasan. indikator ini dianggap membuat hancurnya negara bangsa, serta membawa pengaruh nilai budaya tertentu, sehingga prediksi Samuel Huntington bahwa suatu saat negara bangsa hancur bukan karena idiologi dan politik melainkan disebabkan aspek  kebudayaan.

Beberapa contoh negara kawasan : Wales ; San Diego/Tijuana ; Hongkong/Cina Selatan ; Silicon Valley/Bay Area di California. Tokyo dengan wilayah Osaka dan Kansai sertas Segitiga Emas Singapura, Johor (negara bagian selatan Malasya) dan di Indonesia, meskipun bukan negara federasi tetapi ada wilayah yang dapat dikelompokkan seperti negara kawasan yaitu Kepulauan Riau termasuk Batam sebagai zona bebas pajak yang besar (dekat dengan akses ekonomi global, di mana diduga berbagai transaksi di beberapa kawasan cenderung dengan menggunakan mata uang asing).

Berkaca dari munculnya “ negara kawasan” tersebut dan lahirnya pasar tersendiri akibat dari salah kelola atau dampak negatif dari Investasi, industri serta masuknya arus informasi dengan perilaku individu yang bebas tidak terkontrol secara budaya dan regulasi dalam jangka panjang dapat memperkuat  entitas kawasan menjadi seperti negara kawasan. Kondisi ini bukan hal yang perlu ditakutkan jika kita satu bangsa memiliki regulasi yang  kokoh untuk membentengi bangsanya dari pengaruh asing yang tidak sesuai dengan kepribadian bangsa (Pancasila,UUD 1945, Bhineka Tunggal Ika dan NKRI).

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